![]() This brings down the cold start times to an acceptable level. The best practice here is to do as little as possible and distribute the work to subsequent requests, also called lazy loading or deferred execution. Also, cold starts are visible to users, as it happens as part of a request and not in a separate process. Serverless, a.k.a hyper-ephemeral computing, is built on short-lived instances and that means initialization happens fairly often as the execution units are small and the need for new capacity is instantaneous. By compiling all schemas during initialization the openapi-backend project followed this best practice. When the instance is started, it is ready to serve requests at full throttle. The best practice is to do as much initialization as possible, such as populate the caches and even sending a dummy request (called a warmup request) to execute some code paths. If you use load-balanced EC2 instances that start and stop rarely, you want to do everything as soon as possible. But that also increases costs for fast requests. They can be made faster by allocating more memory that (due to the Lambda resource model) increases the CPU power available to the function. First, they might be just too long and that leads to bad UX. While most requests will be fast as they go to warm instances, some will trigger cold starts. The result is that there will be occasional slow responses when you deploy your code as Lambda functions. It does not help that it has to be done only once. The former is especially pronounced in Java as the JVM needs to do quite a bit of work to load the classes. Worse still, the code is “cold”, which means that the execution environment hasn’t done loading and optimizing the function’s code and all the variables are uninitialized. This is the basis of Lambda scalability: start an instance when needed, then stop it when it’s idle for too long.Īs a result, the first request needs to wait until the startup process is finished. ![]() In the case of AWS Lambda, it happens when all the current instances are busy. When a backend instance is initialized, the execution environment deploys the code to a new machine and starts routing requests to it. Remove duplication of validation, routing, and parameter handling with an OpenAPI-based backend framework The problem: cold starts
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